Shi Zhengrong, once China’s richest man, saw his fortune further
unravel yesterday as the solar company he founded allowed its main unit
to tip into insolvency.
Shi’s stake in
Suntech Power Holdings Co. (STP)
was valued at $1.7 billion when he emerged at the top of the Wall
Street Journal’s rich list for China in 2006. His roughly 30 percent
stake today is down to about $32 million, if shareholders get anything
out of the Chinese bankruptcy process.
Suntech was once the world’s biggest solar company and Shi, 50, set his sights on growing as big as
BP Plc (BP/) or
Royal Dutch Shell Plc. (RDSA)
The decline of China’s first solar billionaire shows how the industry
built itself with cash from Wall Street and Chinese authorities,
creating a boom in factory expansions that ultimately drove down
prices.
“Being
in the solar manufacturing industry over the past eight years has been
an excellent way to turn a big fortune into a small one,” said Jenny
Chase, lead solar analyst at Bloomberg New Energy Finance in Zurich.
Suntech had
debt
of $2 billion at the end of August and defaulted on a $541 million bond
that matured last week. That prompted eight Chinese banks to ask a
court in Wuxi, where Suntech is based, to start bankruptcy proceedings
on its main manufacturing unit.
Shi was ousted as chairman March
4, and spoke out about the company’s inability to restructure the debt.
“The problem is they don’t have a solution,” he said in an interview.
“They need a viable business plan.”
Suntech Debt
The
company had about $1.44 billion of bank credit and a $50 million loan
from the International Finance Corp., according to regulatory filings.
China Development Bank Corp. is among its lenders.
Suntech (STP)
raised a total of $743 million from Wall Street in two separate stock
offerings in 2005 and 2009. The bonds traded in New York.
Shi started Suntech in 2001 after serving as research director at another solar company in
Australia,
Pacific Solar Pty. He received a bachelor’s degree in optical science
from Changchun University of Science and Technology in 1983 and a
master’s in laser physics from the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine
Mechanics in 1986.
After moving to Australia in the late 1980s,
he earned his doctorate in electrical engineering at the University of
New South Wales in Sydney in 1992.
Calls to Shi in Beijing
weren’t answered, and he didn’t respond to e-mails seeking comment after
Suntech’s announcement last night.
Fast Learner
The
native of Jiangsu province was one of the fastest to finish the program
at UNSW’s School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering,
according to Martin Green, a professor at the university.
“He was
the type of student to get a result at just about anything he did,”
Green said by phone in October. “Something about the way he tackled
problems. He was able to overcome difficulties that might emerge and see
his way through.”
The Chinese scholar went to work for Pacific Solar, a university spinoff, in 1995 and became an Australian citizen.
When Shi decided to return to
China
in 2001 to start the solar-power company, lured by $6 million in
funding from a regional government in Wuxi in eastern China, his fellow
researchers in Sydney tried to talk him out of it.
Green, known
by some in the solar industry as the “father of photovoltaics,” reminded
Shi of their unsuccessful trip to China seven years earlier to find a
partner and open a manufacturing facility in the country, Green said.
They had hoped to commercialize the university’s solar technology.
Hopeless Situation
“We
thought the situation was pretty hopeless,” Green recalled. “The
companies weren’t operating very efficiently or effectively. So I was
pretty pessimistic about his chances based on how difficult I perceived
it to be.”
David Hogg, who worked with Shi at Pacific Solar and
again at Suntech as chief operating officer for two years until 2011,
said Shi helped attract Chinese researchers and eased communication with
their Australian peers.
“He was able to get the best out of
people,” Hogg said in an interview in October. “While he was of Chinese
origin, he was quite a Western guy in many ways.”
Four years
after leaving Australia, Suntech began trading on the New York Stock
Exchange. The Chinese company later won a contract to supply the solar
system for the stadium at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, opened its first
U.S. factory in 2010 and reached 2 gigawatts of production the next
year.
Record High
The company’s American depositary
receipts, each worth one ordinary share, climbed to a high of $88.35 on
Dec. 26, 2007, from an initial price of $15 in 2005. The stock closed at
58.6 cents on March 19, valuing the company at $105.6 million.
“Dr.
Shi was very popular with investors and clients, and was one of the
most sought-after speakers on the conference circuit from 2005,” said
Chase, the New Energy Finance analyst in Zurich. “Then, the supply
balance flipped from undersupply to oversupply in late 2008.”
Shi
set his targets on rivaling Big Oil in scale. He told the Guardian that
year that Suntech within a decade may be as big as BP or Shell.
Suntech’s
capacity to make solar modules more than quadrupled to 2,400 megawatts
in 2011 from 540 megawatts in 2007, part of China’s effort to wrest
control of the industry away from German and Japanese companies.
Top Companies
Four
of the six top panel manufacturers are based in China, including Trina
Solar Ltd., Yingli Green Energy Holding Co., and Suntech, which fell to
fifth in production capacity in 2012, according to New Energy Finance.
Sharp Corp., which is based in
Osaka,
Japan, dominated the industry until 2006. Then Q-Cells SE of Thalheim,
Germany, took over the lead.
In
November 2010, Shi joined Oscar-winning actress Cate Blanchett at the
Sydney Theatre Co. to mark the start of a rooftop solar-power system
using Suntech panels. The company was the world’s biggest cell maker
that year and the next.
Giving a speech on a wharf overlooking
Sydney Harbor, Shi, who donated A$2 million ($2.08 million) to the
project, called the effort to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy
the “challenge of our generation.”
“Twenty years ago, while
performing solar research at the University of New South Wales, few
people believed solar technology could be one day part of the beauty of a
place such as this wharf,” Shi said in 2010. “Even 10 years ago
skeptics would ask, ‘Do you really believe solar technology will be
economically competitive with fossil fuels?’’
Solar Expansion
It was the scale of the industry’s expansion that undid Shi’s ambitions. Solar cell
prices
that as recently as October 2010 were $1.50 a watt are now less than a
third of that price, costing about 38 cents on March 11, according to
data compiled by Bloomberg.
Suntech last reported a profit in the
first quarter of 2011 and in July disclosed that it was a victim of
accounting fraud involving an affiliated company in
Europe.
It hired UBS AG to help restructure debt payments then the unit
succumbed to insolvency after failing to retire its bonds on schedule
last week.