The trillion-dollar coin actually represents one of the most
important principles of popular prosperity ever conceived: the creation
of money by sovereign governments, debt-free.
Last week on
The Daily Show, Jon Stewart
characterized the proposal that the White House circumvent the debt ceiling by minting a trillion-dollar coin as an attempt to "just make shit up."
Economist and
New York Times columnist Paul Krugman responded with a
critical blog post
accusing Stuart of a "lack of professionalism" for not taking the
trillion-dollar coin seriously. However, Krugman himself had called the
idea "silly." He thought it was just less silly -- and less dangerous --
than playing with the debt ceiling, which was itself an
unconstitutional shackle on the Treasury's ability to pay debts already
incurred by Congress.
Stewart responded
on Jan. 15 that he stood by his "ignorant conclusion that a
trillion-dollar coin minted to allow the president to circumvent the
debt ceiling, however arbitrary that may be, is a stupid f*cking idea."
It's all good fun -- or is it? Most commentators have missed the real
significance of the trillion-dollar coin. It is not just about
political gamesmanship. For centuries, a secret battle has raged over
who should create the nation's money supply -- governments or banks.
Today, all that is left of the U.S. Treasury's money-creating power is
the ability to mint coins. If we the people want to reclaim that power
so that we can pay our obligations when due, the Treasury will need to
mint more than nickels and dimes. It will need to create some coins with
very large numbers on them.
To bail out the banks, the Federal Reserve, as head of the private
banking system, issued over $2 trillion as "quantitative easing," simply
by creating the money on a computer screen. Congress, the White House,
and the Treasury all rolled over and acquiesced. When it was proposed
that the government bail itself out of its budget woes by minting a $1
trillion coin, the Federal Reserve said it would not accept the
Treasury's legal tender. And
the White House again acquiesced, evidently embarrassed to have entertained this "ludicrous" alternative.
Somehow we have come to accept that it is less silly for the central
bank to create money out of thin air and lend it at near zero interest
to private commercial banks, to be re-lent to the public and the
government at market interest rates, than for the government to simply
create the money itself, debt- and interest-free.
The banks obviously have the upper hand in this game; and they've had
it for the last 2-1/2 centuries, making us forget that any other option
exists. We have forgotten our historical roots. The American colonists
did not think it was silly when they escaped a grinding debt to British
bankers and a chronically short money supply by printing their own paper
scrip, an innovative solution that allowed the colonies to thrive.
In fact, the trillion-dollar coin represents one of the most
important principles of popular prosperity ever conceived: national
debt-free money creation. Some of our greatest leaders, including
Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln, promoted the
essential strategy behind it: that debt-free money offers a way to break
the shackles of debt and free the nation to realize its full potential.
We have lost not only the power to create our own money but the
memory that we once had that power. With the help of such campaigns as
Occupy Wall Street, Strike Debt, and the Free University, however, we
are starting to re-learn the great secret of money: that how it gets
created determines who has the power in society -- we the people, or
they the bankers.
It is no secret who has that power today. In the great bailout of
2008, banks were rewarded for making irresponsible and fraudulent
gambles in the subprime mortgage scandal, with no one serving time in
jail. Then there was the robosigning scandal, in which banks committed
criminal fraud and came away with a slap on the wrist. ow we are seeing
the LIBOR scandal unfold. While a commoner might get 10-20 years for
robbing a bank,
bank executives get huge bonuses for robbing us.
We may rail against the banks and demand change, but nothing will
change until we grasp their fundamental secret, the foundation of their
power: that those who create the nation's money control the nation. By
mechanisms
explained elsewhere,
nearly the entire money supply today is created by banks.
Remembering Our Roots: A Refresher Course
Benjamin Franklin was called called "the Father of Paper Money." He
argued before the British Parliament that government-issued money had
allowed the colonies to escape the yoke of debt, to thrive and grow. The
king, urged by the Bank of England, responded by forbidding all new
issues of paper scrip. The colonial economy then sank into a depression,
and the colonists rebelled. They won the revolution, but the power to
create money was lost to a private banking oligarchy modeled on the one
dominated by the Bank of England.
Fourscore and six years later, President Abraham Lincoln boldly took
back the money power during the Civil War. To avoid exorbitant interest
rates of 24 percent to 36 percent, he decided to print money directly
from the US Treasury as US Notes or "greenbacks." The issuance of $450
million in greenbacks was key to funding not only the North's victory in
the war but an array of pivotal infrastructure projects, including a
transcontinental railway system.
Lincoln was assassinated, however and,the greenback program was
quickly discontinued. Repeated popular attempts to revive it failed. In
1872,
according to Lynn Wheeler in
Triumphant Plutocracy: The Story of American Public Life from 1870 to 1920,
New York bankers sent a letter to every bank in the United States,
urging them to fund newspapers that opposed government-issued money. The
letter read in part:
"Dear Sir: It is advisable to do all in your power to
sustain such prominent daily and weekly newspapers... as will oppose the
issuing of greenback paper money, and that you also withhold patronage
or favors from all applicants who are not willing to oppose the
Government issue of money. Let the Government issue the coin and the banks issue the paper money of the country... [T]o
restore to circulation the Government issue of money, will be to
provide the people with money, and will therefore seriously affect your
individual profit as bankers and lenders."
Bank-created money (which now includes electronic money) could be
rented at a profit to the people. The "people's money" was limited to
coin, which today composes less than one ten-thousandth of M3, the
broadest measure of the money supply.
Lincoln's assassination and the abandonment of debt-free greenbacks
effectively marked the exchange of one type of slavery (race-based) for
another (wage- and debt-based). As a result, the American government and
American people are so heavily mired in debt today that only a radical
overhaul of the monetary system can free us.
Gimmick or Game-Changer?
That is the real context and backstory of the trillion-dollar
coin. The stakes are much higher today than just fending off the debt
ceiling. We the people need to take back the power to issue our own
money, and coins are the only means left to us to do it.
The idea of minting large denomination coins to solve economic
problems was evidently first suggested by a chairman of the Coinage
Subcommittee of the U.S. House of Representatives in the early 1980s. He
pointed out that the government could pay off its entire debt with some
billion-dollar coins. The Constitution gives Congress the power to coin
money and regulate its value, and no limit is put on the value of the
coins it creates. In
Web of Debt (2007), I suggested that to solve the government's debt problems today these would need to be trillion dollar coins.
In
legislation
initiated in 1982, however, Congress chose to impose limits on the
amounts and denominations of most coins. The one exception was the
platinum coin, which a special provision allowed to be minted in any
amount for commemorative purposes.
An attorney named Carlos Mucha, blogging under the pseudonym Beowulf,
proposed issuing a platinum coin to capitalize on this loophole, after hearing me mention the trillion-dollar coin in
a Thom Hartmann interview.
At first it was just an amusing exercise. But with the endless
gridlock in Congress over the debt ceiling, it got picked up by serious
economists as a way to checkmate the deficit hawks.
Philip Diehl, former head of the U.S. Mint and co-author of the platinum coin law,
confirmed
that the coin would be legal tender: "In minting the $1 trillion
platinum coin, the Treasury Secretary would be exercising authority
which Congress has granted routinely for more than 220 years... under
power expressly granted to Congress in the Constitution (Article 1,
Section 8)."
Warren Mosler, one of the founders of Modern Monetary Theory,
reviewed the idea
and concluded it would work operationally. The funds would simply be
new reserve balances at the Fed rather than new Treasury securities.
Joe Firestone pointed out
that the trillion-dollar coin could solve the government's debt
problems once and for all, putting was in its grasp the power to replace
austerity with the abundance enjoyed by our forefathers.
The trillion-dollar coin can raise cries of "hyperinflation!" It
evokes images of million-mark notes filling wheelbarrows. But as
economist
Michael Hudson observes:
"Every hyperinflation in history has been caused by foreign debt
service collapsing the exchange rate. The problem almost always has
resulted from wartime foreign currency strains, not domestic spending."
Prof. Randall Wray explains
that the coin would not circulate but would be deposited in the
government's account at the Fed, so it could not inflate the circulating
money supply. The budget would still need Congressional approval. To
keep a lid on spending, Congress would just need to abide by some basic
rules of economics.
It could spend on goods and services up to full employment without creating price inflation
(since supply an d demand would rise together). After that, it would
need to tax -- not to fund the budget, but to shrink the circulating
money supply and avoid driving up prices with excess demand.
Time to Take Back the Money Power
The current economic crisis cannot be solved with the thinking that
created it. There is simply not enough money in the system to fund the
services we desperately need, pay down the debt, and keep taxes
affordable. The money supply has
shrunk by $4 trillion since 2008,
according to the Fed's own website. The only solution is to add more
money to the real, producing economy; And that means some
congressionally-mandated entity needs to create it, either the Fed or
the Treasury.
The Fed has declined. In flatly rejecting the Treasury's legal
tender, the Fed as representative of the banks is asserting itself as
outranking the elected representatives of the people. If the Fed won't
acknowledge the coins created by the government, perhaps the government
needs to charter a publicly-owned bank that will.
We have a chance today to end the charade of big money gridlock
politics, as well as the reign of the big banks. We have the power to
choose prosperity over austerity. But to do it, we must first restore
the power to create money to the people.